Davis-Bacon rates — Jackson County, Minnesota

Every active general wage determination covering this county, one section per construction type. These rates are the minimum that must be paid on a federal or federally assisted contract.

Pick the construction type that matches your contract, not the highest rate. Building, Residential, Highway and Heavy are separate determinations with different rates, and using the wrong one is a common reason a certified payroll comes back rejected. Where your trade appears under several classifications the choice between them is a judgement call — the plainest match is usually right, and the contracting officer can confirm it.

Building

MN20260058 rev 2 · 07/30/2026 · 55 classifications

Classification	Base rate	Fringe	Total
ARTICULATED HAULER	35.00	8.75	43.75
ASBESTOS ABATEMENT WORKER	41.23	25.99	67.22
BOILERMAKER	46.00	31.93	77.93
BOOM TRUCK	35.25	5.46	40.71
BRICKLAYER	52.92	28.32	81.24
CARPENTER	39.14	27.98	67.12
CARPET LAYER (LINOLEUM)	34.03	22.65	56.68
CEMENT MASON	52.92	27.16	80.08
DRYWALL TAPER	34.55	26.48	61.03
ELECTRICIAN	46.45	23.56	70.01
ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTOR	51.55	40.48	92.03
FLAG PERSON	17.95	9.05	27.00
GLAZIER	54.03	28.25	82.28
HEATING AND FROST INSULATOR	59.39	33.85	93.24
IRONWORKER	49.50	37.86	87.36
LABORER: COMMON (GENERAL LABOR WORK)	35.83	27.48	63.31
LABORER: LANDSCAPING (GARDENER, SOD LAYER AND NURSERY OPERATOR)	24.00	16.96	40.96
LABORER: SKILLED (ASSISTING SKILLED CRAFT JOURNEYMAN)	35.83	27.48	63.31
LANDSCAPING EQUIPMENT (INCLUDES HYDRO SEEDER OR MULCHER, SOD ROLLER, FARM TRACTOR WITH ATTACHMENT SPECIFICALLY SEEDING, SODDING, OR PLANT, AND TWO-FRAMED FORKLIFT (EXCLUDING FRONT, POSIT-TRACK, AND SKID STEER LOADERS), NO EARTHWORK OR GRADING FOR ELEVATIONS)	21.17	13.99	35.16
LATHER	19.29	4.86	24.15
MILLWRIGHT	41.66	35.40	77.06
PAINTER (INCLUDING HAND BRUSHED, HAND SPRAYED, AND THE TAPING OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS)	25.00	—	25.00
PAVEMENT MARKING OR MARKING REMOVAL EQUIPMENT ((ONE OR TWO PERSON OPERATORS); SELF-PROPELLED TRUCK OR TRAILER MOUNTED UNITS.)	27.26	16.59	43.85
PILEDRIVER (INCLUDING VIBRATORY DRIVER OR EXTRACTOR FOR PILING AND SHEETING OPERATIONS)	47.71	31.98	79.69
PIPEFITTER/STEAMFITTER	42.02	29.27	71.29
PIPELAYER (WATER, SEWER AND GAS)	42.51	26.01	68.52
PLASTERER	13.25	2.01	15.26
PLUMBER	42.12	29.17	71.29
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 1 HELICOPTER PILOT; TOWER CRANE 250 FEET AND OVER; TRUCK CRAWLER CRANE WITH 200 FEET OF BOOM AND OVER, INCLUDING JIB	48.89	29.35	78.24
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 2 CONCRETE PUMP WITH 50 METERS/164 FEET OF BOOM AND OVER; PILE DRIVING WHEN THREE DRUMS IN USE; TOWER CRANE 200 FEET AND OVER; TRUCK OR CRAWLER CRANE WITH 150 FEET OF BOOM UP TO AND NOT INCLUDING 200 FEET, INCLUDING JIB	43.03	22.85	65.88
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 3 ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE CRANES; CONCRETE PUMP 32-49 METERS/102-164 FEET; DERRICK (GUY & STIFFLEG); STATIONARY TOWER CRANE UP TO 200 FEET; SELF-ERECTING TOWER CRANE 100 FEET AND OVER MEASURED FROM BOOM FOOT PIN; TRAVELING TOWER CRANE; TRUCK OR CRAWLER CRANE UP TO AND NOT INCLUDING 150 FEET OF BOOM, INCLUDING JIB	49.89	30.96	80.85
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 4 CRAWLER BACKHOE INCLUDING ATTACHMENTS; FIREPERSON, CHIEF BOILER LICENSE; HOIST ENGINEER (THREE DRUMS OR MORE); LOCOMOTIVE; OVERHEAD CRANE ( INSIDE BUILDING PERIMETER); TRACTOR . BOOM TYPE	41.38	22.85	64.23
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 5 : AIR COMPRESSOR 450 CFM OR OVER (TWO OR MORE MACHINES); CONCRETE MIXER; CONCRETE PUMP UP TO 31 METERS/101 FEET OF BOOM; DRILL RIGS, HEAVY ROTARY OR CHURN OR CABLE DRILL WHEN USED FOR CAISSON FOR ELEVATOR OR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION; FORKLIFT; FRONT END, SKID STEER 1 C YD AND OVER; HOIST ENGINEER ( ONE OR TWO DRUMS); MECHANIC-WELDER (ON POWER EQUIPMENT); POWER PLANT (100 KW AND OVER OR MULTIPLES EQUAL TO 100KW AND OVER); PUMP OPERATOR AND/OR CONVEYOR (TWO OR MORE MACHINES); SELF-ERECTING TOWER CRANE UNDER 100 FEET MEASURED FROM BOOM FOOT PIN; STRADDLE CARRIER; TRACTOR OVER D2; WELL POINT PUMP	44.54	29.35	73.89
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 6 CONCRETE BATCH PLANT; FIREPERSON, FIRST CLASS BOILER LICENSE; FRONT END, SKID STEER UP TO 1 C YD; GUNITE MACHINE; TRACTOR OPERATOR D2 OR SIMILAR SIZE; TRENCHING MACHINE (SEWER, WATER, GAS) EXCLUDES WALK BEHIND TRENCHER	18.75	4.72	23.47
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: COMMERCIAL GROUP 7 : AIR COMPRESSOR 600 CFM OR OVER; BRAKEPERSON; CONCRETE PUMP/PUMPCRETE OR COMPLACO TYPE; FIREPERSON, TEMPORARY HEAT SECOND CLASS BOILER LICENSE; OILER (POWER SHOVEL, CRANE, TRUCK CRANE, DRAGLINE, CRUSHERS AND MILLING MACHINES, OR OTHER SIMILAR POWER EQUIPMENT); PICK UP SWEEPER (ONE CUBIC YARD HOPPER CAPACITY); PUMP AND/OR CONVEYOR	43.38	30.96	74.34
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 2 GRADER OR MOTOR PATROL; TUGBOAT 100 H.P. AND OVER WHEN LICENSE REQUIRED	37.03	21.55	58.58
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 3 ASPHALT BITUMINOUS STABILIZER PLANT; CABLEWAY; DERRICK (GUY OR STIFFLEG)(POWER)(SKIDS OR STATIONARY); DREDGE OR ENGINEERS, DREDGE (POWER) AND ENGINEER; LOCOMOTIVE CRANE OPERATOR; TANDEM SCRAPER; TUGBOAT 100 H.P AND OVER	28.50	8.75	37.25
CUTTER; CONCRETE DISTRIBUTOR AND SPREADER FINISHING MACHINE, LONGITUDINAL FLOAT, JOINT MACHINE, AND SPRAY MACHINE; CONCRETE MOBIL; CRUSHING PLANT (GRAVEL AND STONE) OR GRAVEL WASHING, CRUSHING AND SCREENING PLANT; CURB MACHINE; DIRECTIONAL BORING MACHINE; DOPE MACHINE (PIPELINE); DUAL TRACTOR; ELEVATING GRADER; GPS REMOTE OPERATING OF EQUIPMENT; HYDRAULIC TREE PLANTER; LAUNCHER PERSON (TANKER PERSON OR PILOT LICENSE); LOCOMOTIVE; MILLING, GRINDING, PLANNING, FINE GRADE, OR TRIMMER MACHINE; PAVEMENT BREAKER OR TAMPING MACHINE (POWER DRIVEN) MIGHTY MITE OR SIMILAR TYPE; PIPELINE WRAPPING, CLEANING OR BENDING MACHINE; POWER ACTUATED HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE, OVER SIX INCHES; PUGMILL; RUBBER-TIRED FARM TRACTOR WITH BACKHOE INCLUDING ATTACHMENTS; SCRAPER; SELF-PROPELLED SOIL STABILIZER; SLIP FORM (POWER DRIVEN) (PAVING); TIE TAMPER AND BALLAST MACHINE; TRACTOR, WHEEL TYPE, OVER 50 H.P. WITH PTO UNRELATED TO LANDSCAPING; TUB GRINDER, MORBARK, OR SIMILAR TYPE	31.00	8.75	39.75
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 5 BITUMINOUS ROLLER (UNDER EIGHT TONS); CONCRETE SAW (MULTIPLE BLADE) (POWER OPERATED); FORM TRENCH DIGGER (POWER); HYDRAULIC LOG SPLITTER; LOADER (BARBER GREENE OR SIMILAR TYPE); POST HOLE DRIVING MACHINE/POST HOLE AUGER; POWER ACTUATED JACK; SELF-PROPELLED CHIP SPREADER (FLAHERTY OR SIMILAR); SHEEP FOOT COMPACTOR WITH BLADE . 200 H.P. AND OVER; SHOULDERING MACHINE (POWER) APSCO OR SIMILAR TYPE INCLUDING SELF-PROPELLED SAND AND CHIP SPREADER; STUMP CHIPPER AND TREE CHIPPER; TREE FARMER (MACHINE)	35.85	21.55	57.40
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 6 CAT, CHALLENGER, OR SIMILAR TYPE OF TRACTORS, WHEN PULLING DISK OR ROLLER; DREDGE DECK HAND; GRAVEL SCREENING PLANT (PORTABLE NOT CRUSHING OR WASHING); LEVER PERSON; POWER SWEEPER; SHEEP FOOT ROLLER AND ROLLERS ON GRAVEL COMPACTION, INCLUDING VIBRATING ROLLERS; TRACTOR, WHEEL TYPE, OVER 50 H.P., UNRELATED TO LANDSCAPING	26.00	8.75	34.75
ROOFER	41.06	22.68	63.74
SHEET METAL WORKER	41.58	23.61	65.19
SIGN ERECTOR	23.00	1.89	24.89
SPRINKLER FITTER	43.53	26.67	70.20
SURVEY FIELD TECHNICIAN (OPERATE TOTAL STATION, GPS RECEIVER, LEVEL, ROD OR RANGE POLES, STEEL TAPE MEASUREMENT; MARK AND DRIVE STAKES; HAND OR POWER DIGGING FOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF MARKERS OR MONUMENTS; PERFORM AND CHECK CALCULATIONS; REVIEW AND UNDERSTAND CONSTRUCTION PLANS AND LAND SURVEY MATERIALS)	31.00	7.50	38.50
TERRAZZO WORKER	50.80	27.89	78.69
TILE FINISHER	22.80	5.39	28.19
TILE SETTER	30.66	10.53	41.19
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 1 : MECHANIC . WELDER; TRACTOR TRAILER DRIVER; TRUCK DRIVER (HAULING MACHINERY INCLUDING OPERATION OF HAND AND POWER OPERATED WINCHES)	33.00	8.75	41.75
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 2 : FOUR OR MORE AXLE UNIT, STRAIGHT BODY TRUCK	33.00	8.75	41.75
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 3 : BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR DRIVER; BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR (ONE PERSON OPERATION); THREE AXLE UNITS	16.25	3.52	19.77
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 4 : BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR SPRAY OPERATOR (REAR AND OILER); DUMP PERSON; GREASER; PILOT CAR DRIVER; RUBBER-TIRED, SELF-PROPELLED PACKER UNDER 8 TONS; TWO AXLE UNIT; SLURRY OPERATOR; TRACTOR OPERATOR, UNDER 50 H.P	14.50	—	14.50
UNDERGROUND AND OPEN DITCH LABORER (EIGHT FEET BELOW STARTING GRADE LEVEL)	33.51	22.39	55.90
WIRING SYSTEM TECHNICIAN	54.44	24.02	78.46
WIRING SYSTEMS INSTALLER	38.15	19.15	57.30

Residential

MN20260010 rev 1 · 05/18/2026 · 13 classifications

Classification	Base rate	Fringe	Total
TRUCK DRIVER	7.25	—	7.25
SHEET METAL WORKER	7.25	—	7.25
ROOFER	7.25	—	7.25
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR (BULLDOZER)	7.25	—	7.25
PLUMBER, PIPEFITTER, STEAMFITTER	10.16	—	10.16
PAINTER	7.25	—	7.25
LABORER	7.25	—	7.25
ELECTRICIAN	7.25	—	7.25
DRYWALL HANGER	7.25	—	7.25
DRYWALL FINISHER/TAPER	7.25	—	7.25
CEMENT MASON/FINISHER	7.25	—	7.25
CARPENTER	7.99	—	7.99
BRICKLAYER/BLOCKLAYER	11.30	0.25	11.55

HeavyHighway

MN20260240 rev 2 · 07/30/2026 · 39 classifications

Classification	Base rate	Fringe	Total
ARTICULATED HAULER	35.55	30.77	66.32
ASBESTOS ABATEMENT WORKER	36.23	22.26	58.49
BOILERMAKER	35.15	27.02	62.17
BOOM TRUCK	30.21	22.55	52.76
BRICKLAYER	23.44	4.18	27.62
CARPENTER	43.48	29.69	73.17
CEMENT MASON	47.78	22.69	70.47
ELECTRICIAN	46.45	23.56	70.01
FLAG PERSON	39.01	26.01	65.02
GROUND PERSON	18.00	—	18.00
HEATING AND FROST INSULATOR	16.00	—	16.00
IRONWORKER	49.50	37.86	87.36
LABORER: COMMON (GENERAL LABOR WORK)	39.01	26.01	65.02
LABORER: LANDSCAPING (GARDENER, SOD LAYER AND NURSERY OPERATOR)	31.66	22.78	54.44
LABORER: SKILLED (ASSISTING SKILLED CRAFT JOURNEYMAN)	39.01	26.01	65.02
LANDSCAPING EQUIPMENT (INCLUDES HYDRO SEEDER OR MULCHER, SOD ROLLER, FARM TRACTOR WITH ATTACHMENT SPECIFICALLY SEEDING, SODDING, OR PLANT, AND TWO-FRAMED FORKLIFT (EXCLUDING FRONT, POSIT-TRACK, AND SKID STEER LOADERS), NO EARTHWORK OR GRADING FOR ELEVATIONS)	31.66	22.78	54.44
LINEMAN	16.50	—	16.50
MILLWRIGHT	41.66	35.90	77.56
OFF-ROAD TRUCK	25.31	19.70	45.01
PAINTER (INCLUDING HAND BRUSHED, HAND SPRAYED, AND THE TAPING OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS)	35.78	26.16	61.94
PAVEMENT MARKING OR MARKING REMOVAL EQUIPMENT ((ONE OR TWO PERSON OPERATORS); SELF-PROPELLED TRUCK OR TRAILER MOUNTED UNITS.)	33.91	23.49	57.40
PILEDRIVER (INCLUDING VIBRATORY DRIVER OR EXTRACTOR FOR PILING AND SHEETING OPERATIONS)	50.90	31.98	82.88
PIPEFITTER/STEAMFITTER	36.00	5.83	41.83
PIPELAYER (WATER, SEWER AND GAS)	45.13	24.24	69.37
PLUMBER	34.00	6.88	40.88
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 2 HELICOPTER PILOT; CONCRETE PUMP; ALL CRANES WITH OVER 135-FOOT BOOM, EXCLUDING JIB; DRAGLINE, CRAWLER, HYDRAULIC BACKHOE (TRACK OR WHEEL MOUNTED) AND/OR OTHER SIMILAR EQUIPMENT WITH SHOVEL-TYPE CONTROLS THREE CUBIC YARDS AND OVER MANUFACTURER.S RATED CAPACITY INCLUDING ALL ATTACHMENTS.; GRADER OR MOTOR PATROL; PILE DRIVING; TUGBOAT 100 H.P. AND OVER WHEN LICENSE REQUIRED	37.04	30.77	67.81
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 3 ASPHALT BITUMINOUS STABILIZER PLANT; CABLEWAY; CONCRETE MIXER, STATIONARY PLANT; DERRICK (GUY OR STIFFLEG)(POWER)(SKIDS OR STATIONARY); DRAGLINE, CRAWLER, HYDRAULIC BACKHOE (TRACK OR WHEEL MOUNTED) AND/OR SIMILAR EQUIPMENT WITH SHOVEL-TYPE CONTROLS, UP TO THREE CUBIC YARDS MANUFACTURER.S RATED CAPACITY INCLUDING ALL ATTACHMENTS; DREDGE OR ENGINEERS, DREDGE (POWER) AND ENGINEER; FRONT END LOADER, FIVE CUBIC YARDS AND OVER INCLUDING ATTACHMENTS.; LOCOMOTIVE CRANE OPERATOR; MIXER (PAVING) CONCRETE PAVING, ROAD MOLE, INCLUDING MUCKING OPERATIONS, CONWAY OR SIMILAR TYPE; MECHANIC . WELDER ON POWER EQUIPMENT; TRACTOR BOOM TYPE; TANDEM SCRAPER; TRUCK CRANE . CRAWLER CRANE; TUGBOAT 100 H.P AND OVER	35.93	30.77	66.70
GPS REMOTE OPERATING OF EQUIPMENT; HOIST ENGINEER (POWER); HYDRAULIC TREE PLANTER; LAUNCHER PERSON (TANKER PERSON OR PILOT LICENSE); LOCOMOTIVE; MILLING, GRINDING, PLANNING, FINE GRADE, OR TRIMMER MACHINE; MULTIPLE MACHINES, SUCH AS AIR COMPRESSORS, WELDING MACHINES, GENERATORS, PUMPS; PAVEMENT BREAKER OR TAMPING MACHINE (POWER DRIVEN) MIGHTY MITE OR SIMILAR TYPE; PICKUP SWEEPER, ONE CUBIC YARD AND OVER HOPPER CAPACITY; PIPELINE WRAPPING, CLEANING OR BENDING MACHINE; POWER PLANT ENGINEER, 100 KWH AND OVER; POWER ACTUATED HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE, OVER SIX INCHES; PUGMILL; PUMPCRETE; RUBBER-TIRED FARM TRACTOR WITH BACKHOE INCLUDING ATTACHMENTS; SCRAPER; SELF-PROPELLED SOIL STABILIZER; SLIP FORM (POWER DRIVEN) (PAVING); TIE TAMPER AND BALLAST MACHINE; TRACTOR, BULLDOZER; TRACTOR, WHEEL TYPE, OVER 50 H.P. WITH PTO UNRELATED TO LANDSCAPING; TRENCHING MACHINE (SEWER, WATER, GAS) EXCLUDES WALK BEHIND TRENCHER; TUB GRINDER, MORBARK, OR SIMILAR TYPE; WELL POINT DISMANTLING OR INSTALLATION	35.55	30.77	66.32
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 5 AIR COMPRESSOR, 600 CFM OR OVER; BITUMINOUS ROLLER (UNDER EIGHT TONS); CONCRETE SAW (MULTIPLE BLADE) (POWER OPERATED); FORM TRENCH DIGGER (POWER); FRONT END, SKID STEER UP TO 1C YD; GUNITE GUNALL; HYDRAULIC LOG SPLITTER; LOADER (BARBER GREENE OR SIMILAR TYPE); POST HOLE DRIVING MACHINE/POST HOLE AUGER; POWER ACTUATED AUGER AND BORING MACHINE; POWER ACTUATED JACK; PUMP; SELF-PROPELLED CHIP SPREADER (FLAHERTY OR SIMILAR); SHEEP FOOT COMPACTOR WITH BLADE . 200 H.P. AND OVER; SHOULDERING MACHINE (POWER) APSCO OR SIMILAR TYPE INCLUDING SELF-PROPELLED SAND AND CHIP SPREADER; STUMP CHIPPER AND TREE CHIPPER; TREE FARMER (MACHINE)	33.51	30.77	64.28
POWER EQUIPMENT OPERATOR: HIGHWAY/HEAVY GROUP 6 CAT, CHALLENGER, OR SIMILAR TYPE OF TRACTORS, WHEN PULLING DISK OR ROLLER; CONVEYOR; DREDGE DECK HAND; FIRE PERSON OR TANK CAR HEATER; GRAVEL SCREENING PLANT (PORTABLE NOT CRUSHING OR WASHING); GREASER (TRACTOR); LEVER PERSON; OILER (POWER SHOVEL, CRANE, TRUCK CRANE, DRAGLINE, CRUSHERS, AND MILLING MACHINES, OR OTHER SIMILAR HEAVY EQUIPMENT); POWER SWEEPER; SHEEP FOOT ROLLER AND ROLLERS ON GRAVEL COMPACTION, INCLUDING VIBRATING ROLLERS; TRACTOR, WHEEL TYPE, OVER 50 H.P., UNRELATED TO LANDSCAPING	32.79	30.77	63.56
SHEET METAL WORKER	28.40	16.65	45.05
SURVEY FIELD TECHNICIAN (OPERATE TOTAL STATION, GPS RECEIVER, LEVEL, ROD OR RANGE POLES, STEEL TAPE MEASUREMENT; MARK AND DRIVE STAKES; HAND OR POWER DIGGING FOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF MARKERS OR MONUMENTS; PERFORM AND CHECK CALCULATIONS; REVIEW AND UNDERSTAND CONSTRUCTION PLANS AND LAND SURVEY MATERIALS)	39.01	26.01	65.02
TRAFFIC CONTROL PERSON (TEMPORARY SIGNAGE)	20.94	11.11	32.05
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 1 : MECHANIC . WELDER; TRACTOR TRAILER DRIVER; TRUCK DRIVER (HAULING MACHINERY INCLUDING OPERATION OF HAND AND POWER OPERATED WINCHES)	35.18	25.40	60.58
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 2 : FOUR OR MORE AXLE UNIT, STRAIGHT BODY TRUCK	34.70	21.36	56.06
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 3 : BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR DRIVER; BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR (ONE PERSON OPERATION); THREE AXLE UNITS	37.75	21.76	59.51
TRUCK DRIVER GROUP 4 : BITUMINOUS DISTRIBUTOR SPRAY OPERATOR (REAR AND OILER); DUMP PERSON; GREASER; PILOT CAR DRIVER; RUBBER-TIRED, SELF-PROPELLED PACKER UNDER 8 TONS; TWO AXLE UNIT; SLURRY OPERATOR; TRACTOR OPERATOR, UNDER 50 H.P	37.54	21.36	58.90
TUNNEL MINER	38.14	24.24	62.38
UNDERGROUND AND OPEN DITCH LABORER (EIGHT FEET BELOW STARTING GRADE LEVEL)	40.51	26.01	66.52

Filing the WH-347 that these rates feed into? I build certified payroll tools, and I will prepare your first weekly filing from your payroll register free, with worker names removed — partly to be useful, partly because real registers are the only way to test the thing properly. hamza.aiemployee@gmail.com. No sign-up on this site, and nothing here is tracked.